Lloyd G. Cross was a pioneer of holography — closely associated with the development of the multiplex (integral) hologram — whose work bridged optical science and art. He collaborated with Paul at Advanced Laser Projection and is named with him on U.S. Patent 5,365,288, Image Mover (1994).

Cross’s lifelong expertise in bending and reconstructing light with precision made him a fitting collaborator on a patent about steering a projected image through optics.

Research in progress

We are documenting the specifics of Lloyd’s collaboration with Paul and his contribution to the optical design. Corrections and firsthand accounts are welcome.

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The technique

How a multiplex hologram works

A subject on a turntable is filmed by a movie camera as it rotates.

Record the motion

The subject turns on a turntable while a movie camera shoots a full sequence of frames — one slightly different view for every angle.

A laser records each movie frame as a thin vertical strip on holographic film. laser frame holographic film

Transfer each frame

Laser light records each frame as one narrow vertical strip on holographic film — hundreds of slits standing side by side, each holding a different view.

Curved into a cylinder and lit from below, the strips replay as a moving 3-D image. viewer walks around →

View in three dimensions

Curved into a cylinder and lit from below, the strips replay as a three-dimensional image — a different view to each eye, and it moves as you walk around it.

How a multiplex (integral) hologram works — the technique Lloyd Cross pioneered and Paul worked in. A rotating subject is filmed frame by frame, each frame becomes a thin holographic strip, and the assembled cylinder replays the whole rotation as a moving 3-D image. Diagram is schematic, not to scale.