A later portrait of Lloyd Cross, holography pioneer and co-inventor of the multiplex hologram.
Lloyd Cross — holographer and Paul's co-inventor on the Image Mover patent. Photograph courtesy of HoloWiki (holowiki.org)

Lloyd G. Cross was a pioneer of holography — closely associated with the development of the multiplex (integral) hologram — whose work bridged optical science and art.

Paul met Lloyd during college, while attending classes at the School of Holography in San Francisco. The two became friends and worked on and off together on a number of projects over the decades, right up until Lloyd’s passing in 2015. Among that work: they are named together on U.S. Patent 5,365,288, Image Mover (1994) at Advanced Laser Projection.

Cross’s lifelong expertise in bending and reconstructing light with precision made him a fitting collaborator on a patent about steering a projected image through optics.

← All collaborators

The technique

How a multiplex hologram works

A subject on a turntable is filmed by a movie camera as it rotates.

Record the motion

The subject turns on a turntable while a movie camera shoots a full sequence of frames — one slightly different view for every angle.

A laser records each movie frame as a thin vertical strip on holographic film. laser frame holographic film

Transfer each frame

Laser light records each frame as one narrow vertical strip on holographic film — hundreds of slits standing side by side, each holding a different view.

Curved into a cylinder and lit from below, the strips replay as a moving 3-D image. viewer walks around →

View in three dimensions

Curved into a cylinder and lit from below, the strips replay as a three-dimensional image — a different view to each eye, and it moves as you walk around it.

How a multiplex (integral) hologram works — the technique Lloyd Cross pioneered and Paul worked in. A rotating subject is filmed frame by frame, each frame becomes a thin holographic strip, and the assembled cylinder replays the whole rotation as a moving 3-D image. Diagram is schematic, not to scale.